Les Miserables: Reconciling God’s attribute of Justice with Mercy

The Tanakh (OT) teaches that the ultimate Lover is He who combines in a perfect blend, justice and mercy (also called loving kindness or grace – unmerited favour).

In Hebrew the word transliterated as ‘elohim’ (often just as God), means ‘God of Justice’ and the word for God that can’t really be transliterated  at all, YHVH means ‘God of Mercy’.

Thus in Exodus we see the Creator of the Universe being described by as the embodiment of both justice and mercy:

“And Elohim (God of Justice) spoke unto Moshe saying: I am YHVH (God of Mercy)” – Ex 6:2

Quoting Rabbi Jeff Kirshblum: The verse (Exodus 6:2) seems to be contradictory. How can the God of Justice declare Himself to be the God of Mercy? Justice seems to be strict and unyielding. Mercy seems to be lenient and bending.

(This very challenge is addressed in the play, now just out as a movie, Les Miserables – more on this later).

The ancient pagans were confronted by that very problem. How could there be Justice and Mercy co-existing in the world. They concluded that there must be more than one god: gods who constantly struggled for supremacy. The Egyptians in the time of Pharaoh envisioned the great fight between Set, the god of justice, and Horus, the god of mercy.

G-d tells Moshe that there is only one G-d. He has both attributes and each one is constantly present. It is only our lack of perception that has difficulty uniting Justice with Mercy. This concept sums up the very basic philosophy of Judaism. “Hear O Israel! YHVH (the G-d of Mercy), our Elokim (the G-d of Justice), G-d is One” (Devarim 6:4)…

In our own families we play a G-d-like role. We too must temper our Justice with Mercy. Justice and punishment can never be inflicted in a state of anger. Such a punishment will convey the wrong message. Justice can only be served when the punishment is carried out in a state of love…

I once saw a small child run out into the street. A car was rushing by. The driver slammed on his brakes, screeching to a halt inches in front of the child. The mother, who had seen the whole incident from the porch, came running out to her child. She picked up her precious youngster. She hugged him dearly; then she slapped his hands hard. She had tears in her eyes. She screamed at him, “Don’t you ever run out in the street again.” She shook him hard. “Never, ever run out in the street. I love you, poor baby.”

That was Justice and Mercy.” – from http://www.torah.org/learning/outsidethebox/5764/vaera.html

Judaism understands that love is this perfect blend of justice and mercy. When those of us who are parents reflect on how we best deal with our children, perhaps this can teach us this fuller meaning of love. As a parent we learn to give, we learn to put our children’s needs before our own, to recognize that often, their needs must come first, but as they grow we also learn how vital it is to exercise fair judgment with them, to demonstrate and practice justice as well as grace/mercy if we are to raise well-balanced and capable children.

In his famous discourse on loving kindness, Rabbi Eliyahu Dessler states that: ‘Giving leads to love’.

Gila Manolson writes:

“True giving, though, as Erich Fromm points out, is other-oriented, and requires four elements.

The first is care, demonstrating active concern for the recipient’s life and growth.

The second is responsibility, responding to his or her expressed and unexpressed needs (particularly, in an adult relationship, emotional needs).

The third is respect, “the ability to see a person as he [or she] is, to be aware of his [or her] unique individuality,” and, consequently, wanting that person to “grow and unfold as he [or she] is.”

These three components all depend upon the fourth, knowledge. You can care for, respond to, and respect another only as deeply as you know him or her.” – see http://www.aish.com/d/w/48952241.html

Consider how well these 4 attributes are actualized by our Father, the Creator of the Universe. He cared enough to create this world for us and to create us. He takes responsibility for it on a daily and moment by moment basis and yet is also able to delegate some of this responsibility to us, even giving us greater and greater responsibility as we grow and become more capable of handling it.

Also, no-one could possibly respect each and every one of us as our heavenly Father does!  He knows oh so intimately how unique and gifted each of us are because He made us that way and gave us the environment to allow our potential to grow and unfold.

Finally His knowledge of us, is superior to our own. So superior in fact that He calls us to know Him, rather than seek to know ourselves[1], because it is through knowing Him that we may grow to fully be all the reflection and image of Him that he planted within us, and in doing so, come to know who He meant us to be.

In fact, Jeremiah summed up these attributes of the Almighty very well when he wrote:

Here is what Adonai says: “The wise man should not boast of his wisdom,
the powerful should not boast of his power,
the wealthy should not boast of his wealth; instead, let the boaster boast about this:
that he understands and knows me —
that I am Adonai, practicing grace,
justice and righteousness in the land;
for in these things I take pleasure,” says Adonai.’ – Jeremiah 9:22-23

If we strive to be like Adonai, then surely we will heed the call of Micah 6:8 and Matthew 23:23.

Which leads me back to Les Miserables. The brilliant teacher, Rabbi Benjamin Blech has written a great article on Victor Hugo’s examination of the challenge of justice and mercy in his play.

I heartily recommend a read of his article ‘Les Miserables and the Bible’ – see

http://www.aish.com/ci/a/Les-Miserables-and-the-Bible.html

Clearly, if we desire to gain the full mercy of our Father we need to learn to repent[2]. I also recommend this article that I have quoted a little from:

“On Rosh Hashana (Yom Teruah), which is a day of judgment mitigated by mercy, a person must establish his right to be present in the next world by answering the objections of the prosecution. One must pass through the dark corridors of justice before he can bask in the sunshine of mercy. On Yom Kippur one is armed with the benefit of the decisions of mercy before he is subjected to the harsh scrutiny of justice.” – from http://www.aish.com/h/hh/yom-kippur/theme/48955531.html

I also love these words from a brother on Facebook recently:

Repentance is the key, a return to God and His Torah (instructions) through Yeshua the Messiah. Repentance is not just a mantra, is not empty words recited by a preacher and repeated by the penitent. Repentance is not just a passive emotion and a resolve to do better. It is not a new year resolution. Repentance is an attitude change, a change of perspective and direction, an active work, a setting right of wrongs done to God and our fellow man, a hunger for justice to be done, a choice to live in obedience to Torah(instructions) given to us by God. Repentance bears fruit, works and deeds of kindness, it produces a gentleness and a zeal for God, a separated life. Repentance changes one personally and can change a society corporately. A person or people bearing the fruits of repentance will enjoy the blessings and protection of our heavenly Father.” – Leon Hargreaves (FB Post – 26/12/2012)

Shalom, Paul


[1] “The aim of Hebrew religion was Da’ath Elohim (the Knowledge of God); the aim of Greek thought was Gnothi seauton (Know thyself).  Between these two there is a great gulf fixed.  We do not see that either admits of any compromise.  They are fundamentally different in a priori assumption, in method of approach, and in final conclusion…
The Hebrew system starts with God.  The only true wisdom is Knowledge of God.  ‘The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom.’  The corollary is that man can never know himself, what he is and what is his relation the world, unless first he learn of God and be submissive to God’s sovereign will.  
The Greek system, on the contrary, starts from the knowledge of man, and seeks to rise to an understanding of the ways and Nature of God through the knowledge of what is called ‘man’s higher nature’.  According to the Bible, man had no higher nature except he be born of the Spirit.
We find this approach of the Greeks no where in the Bible. The whole Bible, the New Testament as well as the Old Testament, is based on the Hebrew attitude and approach… “  
- Prof. Norman H. Snaith  “Distinctive Ideas of the Old Testament”

[2]The ability to recognize our sin, to take responsibility for it and to repent is at the core of what is meant by the idea of a Messiah.… the courage to admit guilt, to take responsibility, to change. This is the lesson that the Messiah will one day teach the world. Man controls his destiny. No matter what mistakes he has made, man can fix them.” –  Rabbi Ari Kahnhttp://www.aish.com/tp/i/moha/48914512.html

453 thoughts on “Les Miserables: Reconciling God’s attribute of Justice with Mercy

  1. Hello there, I discovered your blog by way of Google while looking for a similar topic,
    your website came up, it looks good. I’ve bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.

    Hi there, just become alert to your weblog through Google, and found that it is truly informative.
    I’m gonna be careful for brussels. I’ll be grateful when you proceed
    this in future. Lots of other folks might be benefited
    out of your writing. Cheers!

  2. Hello There. I discovered your blog the use of msn. That is an extremely well written article.
    I’ll be sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your helpful information.
    Thank you for the post. I’ll certainly return.

  3. With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any problems of plagorism
    or copyright infringement? My blog has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either authored myself or outsourced but it
    appears a lot of it is popping it up all over the web without my authorization.
    Do you know any methods to help reduce content from being ripped off?
    I’d certainly appreciate it.

  4. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I
    find this matter to be really something which I think I would
    never understand. It seems too complex and extremely broad for me.
    I’m looking forward for your next post, I will
    try to get the hang of it!

  5. obviously like your web site however you have to check the spelling on
    quite a few of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very troublesome to tell the reality then again I will certainly come back again.

  6. Its like you read my thoughts! You appear to grasp a lot approximately this, such as you wrote the ebook in it or something.
    I believe that you just can do with some p.c. to pressure the message home
    a little bit, however instead of that, that is magnificent blog.

    A great read. I’ll definitely be back.

  7. Make certain that you spend time learning how to do this.
    Lead guitarists often favor smaller body guitars simply because they tend to have a more balanced sound in their
    mind and are better to find out when using other musicians in the
    band. Guitar tuners work by measuring the pitch of the
    six strings of a guitar: E, A, D, G, and B and
    E.

  8. Tremendous issues here. I’m very glad to peer your post.
    Thanks so much and I am taking a look ahead to contact you.
    Wiill you kindly drop me a e-mail?

  9. Fitst off I want to say awesome blog! I had a quick question that I’d like to ask if yyou don’t mind.
    I was interestedd to find out how you center yourself and clear your mind prior to writing.

    I’ve had a tough time clearing my thoughts in getting my
    thoughts out there. I do enjoy writing however itt just serms like thhe first 10 to 15 minutes tend to
    be lost simply just trying to figure out how to begin. Any
    suggestions or hints? Cheers!

  10. It was very common for the non-violent, unarmed Gandhiwadis in their satyagrahi andolans, to be beaten severely &
    lathi-charged by the British. To achieve such a goal, green cleaning companies could be brought in to handle all tasks.
    The nation has just seen the rise of Bodo martial art,
    & its grand introduction in the international combat
    (martial) sport community- how serious are the
    Bodo people, especially the govt.

  11. After looking at a few of the articles on your
    website, I honestly appreciate your technique of writing a blog.
    I added it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back in the
    near future. Take a look at my website as well and tell me what you think.

  12. com’s Winning Blackjack Strategy page to learn the
    best ways to improve your chances so you will know how to
    win at online blackjack. Roulette is a game which can be quite addicting because many
    people do make money of it, but it has been said that quickly studying the
    law of averages can help you improve your chances to win, that’s if you don’t have enough money to place a bet in all numbers.
    Get your FREE Blackjack Strategy Guide on how to win hundreds of dollars a night using
    legitimate and proven blackjack tips.

  13. Pretty part of content. I just stumbled upon your blog
    and in accession capital to assert that I acquire in fact loved account your blog
    posts. Anyway I’ll be subscribing on your augment or even I fulfillment you get admission to
    constantly quickly.

  14. Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed!
    Extremely useful info specifically the last part 🙂 I care for such info a lot.
    I was seeking this particular info for a very long time.
    Thank you and good luck.

  15. I blog frequently and I truly thank you for your content.
    Your article has truly peaked my interest. I will book mark
    your site and keep checking for new information about once
    a week. I opted in for your RSS feed as well.

  16. Awesome blog! Do you have any helpful hints for aspiring writers?
    I’m hoping to start my own blog soon but I’m
    a little lost on everything. Would you suggest starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a
    paid option? There are so many choices out there that I’m completely overwhelmed ..
    Any tips? Thank you!

  17. When you make your initial contact,bring a list of questions with you.
    Rest assured that the responsible party is also dealing with an
    attorney who is at least consulting them, so you never want to give them the upper hand when it comes to your settlement.
    A personal injury lawyer can help the victim in claiming damages payment from the
    party responsible.

  18. I have been browsing online greater than three hours as of late, yet I by
    no means found any interesting article like yours.

    It’s beautiful value enough for me. Personally, if all website owners and bloggers
    made good content as you probably did, the web will likely be
    much more useful than ever before.

  19. Hello! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a team of volunteers and starting a new
    initiative in a community in the same niche.
    Your blog provided us valuable information to work on.

    You have done a wonderful job!

  20. Good day very nice blog!! Guy .. Excellent .. Superb ..

    I will bookmark your site and take the feeds also? I am glad to find so many useful information here in the put up, we’d like work out
    more strategies on this regard, thanks for sharing.
    . . . . .

  21. I truly love your site.. Pleasant colors & theme.
    Did you build this amazing site yourself?
    Please reply back as I’m planning to create my very own site and would
    love to learn where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named.

    Many thanks!

  22. What i don’t understood is in fact how you are now not actually much more smartly-favored than
    you might be right now. You are so intelligent.
    You already know thus considerably on the subject of this topic,
    made me for my part consider it from so many varied angles.
    Its like men and women don’t seem to be involved except it’s one
    thing to accomplish with Woman gaga! Your individual stuffs great.
    At all times care for it up!

Leave a reply to Throne Rush hack for everybody Cancel reply